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com:basic_lora [2026/03/06 14:21] – [LoRa Mesh] vamsancom:basic_lora [2026/03/28 16:22] (current) – vamsan
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 **LoRa** (from //"long range"//) is a proprietary physical radio communication technique. It uses spread-spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. It was developed by Cycleo, a company based in Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014. Semtech later acquired Cycleo. **LoRa** (from //"long range"//) is a proprietary physical radio communication technique. It uses spread-spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. It was developed by Cycleo, a company based in Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014. Semtech later acquired Cycleo.
  
 +==== Manufacturers specify links on lamaPLC ====
 +{{ :com:usb-to-lora-xf02_1.png?120|USB-TO-LoRa-xF02}}
 +[[:com:ebyte_products|Ebyte Products (E22, E220, E30, E32 Series)]] \\
 +[[com:waveshare_products|Waveshare Products]] \\
 +[[com:ai_thinker_products|AI-Thinker Products (RA-01, RA02)]] \\
 +
 +==== LoRa Basic ====
 **LoRaWAN** (//wide area network//) defines the communication protocol and system architecture. LoRaWAN is an official standard of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ITU-T Y.4480. The ongoing development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-profit LoRa Alliance, of which Semtech is a founding member. **LoRaWAN** (//wide area network//) defines the communication protocol and system architecture. LoRaWAN is an official standard of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ITU-T Y.4480. The ongoing development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-profit LoRa Alliance, of which Semtech is a founding member.
  
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 Ebyte's LoRa MESH lineup ranges from the compact E52 module for PCB integration to the industrial-grade EWD95M DTU. While the E52 and EWD95M specifically feature Ebyte's "New LoRa MESH" ad-hoc networking, the E610 series is primarily a high-speed continuous transmission module that can be used in mesh-like topologies via manual relay or specialized firmware. Ebyte's LoRa MESH lineup ranges from the compact E52 module for PCB integration to the industrial-grade EWD95M DTU. While the E52 and EWD95M specifically feature Ebyte's "New LoRa MESH" ad-hoc networking, the E610 series is primarily a high-speed continuous transmission module that can be used in mesh-like topologies via manual relay or specialized firmware.
  
-**Some MESH Module Comparison Table**+**Some EByte MESH Module Comparison Table**
  
 +|<100% 25% 25% 25% 25%>|
 ^Feature^Ebyte E52-400/900NW22S^Ebyte E610-433/900T30S^Ebyte EWD95M-400/900NW22| ^Feature^Ebyte E52-400/900NW22S^Ebyte E610-433/900T30S^Ebyte EWD95M-400/900NW22|
 +| |{{ :com:e52_400nw22s_tb.png?180 |}}|{{ :com:e610_900t30s.png?180 |}}|{{ :com:ewd95m_400_900nw22.png?70 |}}|
 ^Type|Embedded SMD Module|High-Power Serial Module|Industrial Rail-Mount DTU| ^Type|Embedded SMD Module|High-Power Serial Module|Industrial Rail-Mount DTU|
 ^Frequency|410-509 / 850-930 MHz|410-441 / 850-930 MHz|410-493 / 850-930 MHz| ^Frequency|410-509 / 850-930 MHz|410-441 / 850-930 MHz|410-493 / 850-930 MHz|
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 ^Interface|UART (Serial)|UART (Serial)|RS485 / RS232| ^Interface|UART (Serial)|UART (Serial)|RS485 / RS232|
 ^Key Advantage|Self-healing, 255-level routing|High-speed continuous data|Industrial //"three-proof"// shell| ^Key Advantage|Self-healing, 255-level routing|High-speed continuous data|Industrial //"three-proof"// shell|
 +
 +  * **E52-400/900NW22S** (The Network Specialist)
 +    * **Networking:** According to CDEBYTE, this module uses a decentralized "//New LoRa MESH//" protocol that supports up to thousands of nodes and 255 routing levels.
 +    * **Reliability:** Features include CSMA collision avoidance, network self-healing (automatic rerouting), and encrypted transmission.
 +    * **Ease of Use:** Specifically designed for smart home and industrial sensors where nodes might be frequently added or removed.
 +
 +  * **E610-433/900T30S** (The Long-Range Powerhouse)
 +    * **Speed:** Identified by Ebyte as an "//unlimited high-speed continuous transmission//" module, offering air rates up to 470kbps.
 +    * **Power:** Operates at 1W (30dBm), making it the strongest option for long-range links up to 10km.
 +    * **Integration:** Primarily uses GFSK modulation but is often grouped with LoRa products due to its long-range performance and UART simplicity.
 +
 +  * **EWD95M-400/900NW22** (The Industrial Solution)
 +    * **Hardware:** A "//Micro Wireless Data Radio//" featuring a DIN-rail mount and a shell with anti-fungal, anti-humidity, and anti-salt spray coating.
 +    * **Compatibility:** Supports the same "//New LoRa MESH//" as the E52 series, making it the ideal edge device for connecting RS485 sensors (like Modbus RTU) to a mesh network.
 +    * **Power Supply:** Supports a wide voltage input range of 8V to 28V DC, suitable for standard industrial power cabinets.
 +
 +  * **Note on Selection:** If your priority is a self-organizing network for low-power sensors, the E52 series is the standard choice. If you require industrial durability and RS485 connectivity out of the box, use the EWD95M
 +
 +=== LoRa Mesh by WaveShare ===
 +Waveshare's LoRa product line primarily utilizes the SX1262 chip. While Waveshare does not use the same "//New LoRa MESH//" proprietary protocol as Ebyte, several of their units support multi-level relaying and auto-repeating, which allow for decentralized, long-range mesh-like network topologies.
 +
 +**Some WaveShare MESH Module Comparison Table**
 +
 +|<100% 25% 25% 25% 25%>|
 +^Feature^SX1262 LoRa HAT^SX1262 LoRa DTU^Core 1262 Module|
 +| |{{ :com:sx1262_lora_hat.png?140 |SX1262 LoRa HAT}}|{{ :com:sx1262_lora_dtu.png?140 |SX1262 LoRa DTU}}|{{ :com:waveshare_core_1262_lf_hf_lora_module.png?140 |Core 1262 Module}}|
 +^Primary Use|Raspberry Pi / Arduino / STM32 / UART Nodes|Industrial Data Transfer|Embedded PCB Core|
 +^Mesh/Relay Type|Auto Multi-level Repeating|Multi-level Relay|Hardware-only (Custom)|
 +^Max Range|5 km (Single Hop)|5 km (Single Hop)|5 km (Single Hop)|
 +^Interface|UART / USB / GPIO|RS232 / RS485 / RS422|SPI|
 +^Power|22 dBm (Max)|22 dBm (Max)|22 dBm (Max)|
 +^Enclosure|Open Board|Industrial DIN-Rail|Raw SMD / Pins|
 +
 +  * **SX1262 LoRa HAT** (For Raspberry Pi / Arduino / STM32)
 +    * **Networking:** Supports a private protocol for auto-repeating, allowing it to transmit further than its 5km base range by hopping through intermediate nodes.
 +    * **Features:** Includes Listen Before Talk (LBT) and Wake on Radio (WOR) to improve success rates in dense environments and save battery.
 +    * **Compatibility:** Note that this HAT does not support LoRaWAN; it is designed for private node-to-node or mesh networks.
 +
 +  * **SX1262 LoRa DTU** (Industrial Unit)
 +    * **Industrial Design:** Encased in an aluminum alloy shell with protection against over-voltage, surges, and ESD.
 +    * **Relay Support:** Specifically marketed for multi-level relay networking, making it suitable for extremely long-distance communication in complex industrial or agricultural environments.
 +    * **Configuration:** Supports AT commands for setting parameters like AES encryption and relay levels.
 +
 +  * **Core1262 HF/LF** (Core Module)
 +  * **Versatility:** This is the raw hardware used in the other products. While it doesn't have a built-in mesh firmware, it is the standard choice for developers building custom mesh solutions like Meshtastic or proprietary protocols.
 +  * **Stability:** Features a high-quality TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator) to ensure stable communication in extreme temperatures (-40 to 85°C). 
  
 {{page>:tarhal}} {{page>:tarhal}}
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 ^Packet Structure|Standard Semtech packets|Custom headers/checksums added by Ebyte|Standard (SPI) or Proprietary (UART)| ^Packet Structure|Standard Semtech packets|Custom headers/checksums added by Ebyte|Standard (SPI) or Proprietary (UART)|
 ^Antenna Connection|Ra-01: Spring; Ra-02: IPEX|Typically SMA-K|ypically SMA or IPEX| ^Antenna Connection|Ra-01: Spring; Ra-02: IPEX|Typically SMA-K|ypically SMA or IPEX|
- 
-==== Manufacturers specify links on lamaPLC ==== 
-{{ :com:usb-to-lora-xf02_1.png?120|USB-TO-LoRa-xF02}} 
-[[:com:ebyte_products|Ebyte Products (E22, E220, E30, E32 Series)]] \\ 
-[[com:waveshare_products|Waveshare Products]] \\ 
-[[com:ai_thinker_products|AI-Thinker Products (RA-01, RA02)]] \\ 
  
 ===== LoRa topics on lamaPLC ===== ===== LoRa topics on lamaPLC =====